Artificial Intelligence (AI) Interpretation: Analysis of Mutasyabihat Verses in the Qur’an

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact in various scientific fields, including the study of Qur'an interpretation. One of the most sensitive aspects of the study of tafsir is the interpretation of mutasyabihat verses, which are verses that contain vague meaning and require theological caution. This study aims to analyze the capabilities and feasibility of four Artificial Intelligence tools, namely ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, and PI, in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an. This research uses a library research method with a qualitative approach through content analysis. The data was obtained from the results of AI interpretation of four mutasyabihat verses, namely QS. Ṭaha [20]:5, QS. Al-Qaṣaṣ [28]:88, QS. Ar-Raḥmān [55]:27, and QS. Al-Fatḥ [48]:10, which was then compared with the conventional commentaries of Ath-Ṭabari and Ibn Kathir as an indicator of validity. The results show that all AI tools tend to use a descriptive, non-literal, and theologically cautious approach. ChatGPT and Claude show the highest feasibility from methodological and theological aspects, Gemini excels in linguistic aspects, while PI has limitations in the depth of interpretation analysis. This research confirms that AI has the potential to be a tool in the study of the interpretation of mutasyabihat verses, but it has not been able to replace the authority of mufasir and classical interpretation methodologies. Perkembangan Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah membawa dampak signifikan dalam berbagai bidang keilmuan, termasuk studi tafsir Al-Qur’an. Salah satu aspek yang paling sensitif dalam kajian tafsir adalah penafsiran ayat-ayat mutasyabihat, yaitu ayat-ayat yang mengandung makna samar dan memerlukan kehati-hatian teologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan serta kelayakan empat tools Artificial Intelligence, yaitu ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, dan PI, dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat mutasyabihat Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis isi (content analysis). Data diperoleh dari hasil penafsiran AI terhadap empat ayat mutasyabihat, yaitu QS. Ṭaha [20]:5, QS. Al-Qaṣaṣ [28]:88, QS. Ar-Raḥmān [55]:27, dan QS. Al-Fatḥ [48]:10, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan tafsir konvensional Ath-Ṭabari dan Ibnu Katsir sebagai indikator validitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh tools AI cenderung menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, non-literal, dan berhati-hati secara teologis. ChatGPT dan Claude menunjukkan kelayakan tertinggi dari aspek metodologis dan teologis, Gemini unggul pada aspek linguistik, sementara PI memiliki keterbatasan dalam kedalaman analisis tafsir. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa AI berpotensi menjadi alat bantu dalam kajian tafsir ayat-ayat mutasyabihat, namun belum dapat menggantikan otoritas mufasir dan metodologi tafsir klasik.